Human Rights And Gender Violence - 1000 Words

Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice by Sally Eagle Merry observes and scrutinizes the burden between global law and local injustices. She argues that human rights law must be embedded in a local society in order to be recognized as influential social constructs. She then specifically speaks of gender violence and how this injustice is ingrained through cultural and religious traditions, and transformations are usually resisted within a culture through belligerent acts. Sally Merry is currently a professor of Anthropology at New York University and has received research grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and Wenner Gren Foundation for anthropological research. Merry’s research examines human rights ideas as relevant to recent social activity around the globe. Because her specialty is human rights and specifically gender violence she is equipped enough to provide the evidence given in this detailed analysis and pr esents numerous amounts of resources and evidence as well. I believe that Merry argument is valid. In order to make human rights ideas effective they need to be vernacular because human rights especially gender violence is rotted from systems such as religion, nationalism, nations, etc. In my opinion becoming more vernacular will allow communities to become more open-minded and create social justice. She states that transnational reformers should be the one adhering to the standards of social justiceShow MoreRelatedGender Based Violence Is An Violation Of Human Rights962 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"UNPF (2005) contends violence against women as an extreme violation of human rights which results in harm and suffering. The United Nations 1993 definition of â€Å"Gender-based Violence is, â€Å"Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† (IRIN, 2015) This issue once believed to be tabooRead MoreHuman Rights Gender Violence : A International Law Into Local Justice1223 Words   |  5 PagesSally Engle Merry’s book, â€Å"Human Rights Gender Violence: Translating International Law Into Local Justice,† attempts to show the relationship that exists between international rights and local culture. She tries to express the way in which local government complicates the issue of gender violence on a local level in regards to the norms that have begun to take shape on an international level. While internationally, a precedent on the manner in which gender violence should be approached has takenRead MoreThe Seduction Of Quantification And Human Rights Measuring And Monitoring, Gender Violence And Sex Trafficking1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of quantification and indicators in human rights measuring and monitoring, gender violence and sex trafficking in the context of global governance is prevalent around the world. My i nternship at the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) regional office in Dubai International Humanitarian City, made my reading of â€Å"The Seduction of Quantification† by Sally Merry an engaging and very relative. As I was analyzing development aid allocations, I came to realize the importance of indicatorsRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public healthRead MoreAnnually 4.8 Million Women Are Physically Assaulted Or1398 Words   |  6 Pageseach day in the United States (Naylor). The United States has an alarming rate of violence against women, which is a grave violation of human rights. Its impact ranges from immediate to long-term physical, sexual, and mental effects for women and girls, such as depression, PTSD and death. Although both genders are guaranteed the same rights and freedoms, women are more often than not faced with injustices and violence at greater rates than men. Treated as second class citizens, for a majority of theRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Rights1274 Words   |  6 Pages Women in the world still face discrimination and gender equality takes action to achieve women’s rights. AAUW provides and gives women the chance to have an education, while Catalyst reaches out to women to carry out equal pay, equal participation in the workplace, and remove discrimination. UN Women attains to human rights for women. Throughout history women have fought for gender equality in the workplace and in education, and every year organizations like AAUW, Catalyst, and UN Women haveRead MoreSexual Discrimination And Gender Discrimination1384 Words   |  6 PagesSexual discrimination, sex based discrimination, gender discrimination or sexism is a type of prejudice or discrimination based on a person s sex or gender usually by the opposite gender. Thus, it generally refers to discrimination against a male by a female or a female by a male. Feminism can therefore be considered a form of sexism. More often than not however, sexism is commonly applied to the unfair treatment of women, the denial of opportunity to women or an injustice towards women, whichRead MorePbs : Breaking The Silence Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesdesolate, and she will never see her children again. There is nowhere for her to turn. She has no rights to anything, no civil rights and her most basic human rights to life, her children, to be free of torture are nonexistent. It is like the holocaust, it is right in front of everyone, yet no sees it. No one believes it. No one cares. Most certainly, no one will talk to her. The role of â€Å"gender† in intimate partner abuse (IPA) perpetration and victimization has been debated for the last severalRead MoreScholars As Well As Public Figures Have Suggested That1674 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships, â€Å"and if women are widely acknowledged to be canny at conducting them, perhaps it follows that female leadership in international affairs would produce more empathy and collaboration between countries. To the extent that global problems like violence and inequality are failures of empathy, perhaps global gynaecocracy produces a genuinely different, better world. In the Dalai Lama’s somewhat simplistic summary of this kind of reasoning: â€Å"Females have more sensitivity about others’ wellbeing.†Read MoreHuman Rights And Social Equity757 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Rights and Social Equity Thesis and Motive Human rights are vital to achieving and sustaining development, and while world leaders acknowledged the links between human rights and development, the MDGs did not reflect this as inequities faced by populations were not considered (UN Human Rights, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [OHCHR], 2015). For example, while some countries were able to achieve the MDGs, in many countries, particularly poor ones, individuals remain in extreme

Essay about Baseball and tobacco - 890 Words

Maybe steroids aren’t the biggest problem? Steroids are a big issue now but even bigger should be chewing tobacco. With all of the hype on the use of steroids in the past month among the baseball community, I think that baseball should also look at another serious affect to its players, chewing tobacco. Chewing tobacco and smoking tobacco has been affiliated with baseball since the 1840s mainly in the amateur leagues. A custom to the winning team would celebrate by lighting up a cigar after the game. But as more immigrants joined baseball through the 1860s and 1870s they brought their culture of rolling their own cigarettes and or chewing tobacco. As baseball grew in popularity so did the tobacco. The tobacco industry used†¦show more content†¦Leukoplakia is pre-cancerous areas in your mouth that’s a white rough area where you would place the tobacco. Leukoplakia is the common form of oral cancer. After a period of time that white rough part of your mouth will advent ally turn into oral cancer. The other types of cancer that are possible to get are pharynx, larynx and esophagus cancers. These types of cancers will develop if the chewer decides to swallow the chew spit. Some danger signs of these types of cancer are: a prolonged sore throat, difficulty in chewing, and a feeling of something in the throat. Treating these types of cancer is a lot harder to cure and the user doesn’t really know until it’s too late! The types of chemicals that are found in chewing tobacco besides Nicotine are Polonium 210 (nuclear waste), N-Nitrosamines (cancer-causing), Formaldehyde (embalming fluid) and Cadmium (used in car batteries). These chemicals in chew make you get the high feeling, and they also make it extremely hard to quit chewing. The baseball community has taken some action against tobacco before, but it only put restrictions against chewing tobacco for the minor league teams. The first major contribution from the baseball community came in 1994. Baseball ban chew from the minor leagues from the single A leagues to the triple A leagues. With this ban in place the use of chewing tobacco in the minor leagues has gone down to 29 percent from previously being atShow MoreRelatedHow is baseball Americas favorite pastime1313 Words   |  6 PagesKainoa Higa English 12 Ms. Grimble 10 April 2014 How Is Baseball Americans Favorite Past-Time Imagine you going up to the plate and hitting a base hit to score the winning run in the last inning. I will be talking to you about baseball, Americans favorite pastime. When I first played the game of baseball, I thought that baseball was so boring but when I got older, it got very interesting. The connection I can make is that baseball is America’s past time and has deep traditional values in manyRead MoreAlcohol and Tobacco in Sports914 Words   |  4 Pages sponsorships have taken over professional sports. In this paper, Alcohol and Tobacco sponsorships will be the issue of this paper. Sports sponsorship has become an important marketing tool for advertiser’s because of the flexibility, broad reach, and high level of brand or corporate exposure that it affords, (Krapp, 49). Yet some sponsors have created an uproar with in the society, these are namely alcohol and tobacco products. These two make up about half of the sponsorship in professional sportsRead MoreInfl uence Of Tobacco Use. â€Å"The Prevalence Of Current Smoking1162 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Tobacco Use â€Å"The prevalence of current smoking among youth is lower than it has been in decades, and the rate of quitting smoking in younger birth cohorts has been increasing. Nonetheless, tobacco use among youth remains a public health problem of substantial importance due to adolescents being the time when most smokers start (Aldrich, Hidalgo, Widome et al., 2015).† About 87% of adults started smoking before the age of 18, while 98% started before the age of 26 (Aldrich, Hidalgo,Read MoreSteroids and Hall of Fame Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Steroids and the Hall of Fame† â€Å"Going, Going, Gone, Home Run!† everyone knows what this means when an announcer says it. The game of baseball is a different sport, unlike basketball and football; you do not necessarily need strength to be dominant. So, why are steroids a big issue in baseball? Steroids, in particular, anabolic steroids, build up cellular tissue or muscle. However, they do not give you the necessary skills to play the game. I am almost certainRead MoreUnit 4893 Words   |  4 PagesLibrary, Web resources, and course materials. Case Study 1: Atherosclerosis is narrowing of arteries caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits on the arterial walls. On June 22, 2002 the St. Louis Cardinals were preparing for their upcoming baseball game against the Chicago cubs. Concern arose when their prized pitcher, 33-year old Darryl Kile did not show up for practice. Soon after, he was found still in his hotel room where he had suddenly died in his sleep (New York Times, 2002). It wasRead MoreJackie Robinson And Curt Flood1237 Words   |  5 Pagesvariety of sports in this country, one stands out as the most â€Å"American.† Baseball has long been regarded as America’s national pastime and it remains the single sport which mirrors society and pushes it forward more than any other. Football and basketball have risen to great prominence within the United States, but they cannot match baseball for its history, its diversity, and its growth with the nation from coast to coast. Baseball also offers heroism and an everyday working class style that are notRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned?895 Words   |  4 Pagespopular answer I r eceived was, if you’re not the one smoking it, then how can the smoke of tobacco can cause any harm? That was incorrect, the chemicals inside the tobacco product such as nicotine can cause damage either smoking or breathing the smoking in. Over the years, you’d hear on the news about second hand smoking. Parents, families, friends, and little kids do not understand that breathing in tobacco or cigar can still cause diseases. Being exposed to second hand smoking can cause mental illnessRead MoreEssay on The Consequences of Tobacco1042 Words   |  5 PagesYes indeed tobacco has consequences. In fact tobacco is one of the most leading causes of death in the world today. Smoking has begun to take over our everyday life. It is the number one most leading cause of death in the world today, and also the number one substance smoked or chewed today. But what people do not realize is that there are consequences to smoking tobacco, or eating it. Tobacco is hazardous to the human body system, therefore it should be banned due to the fact that it causes seriousRead MoreI work for CNN, it’s a powerful reporting company from the future. They sent me to take information700 Words   |  3 Pagesmet, but throughout hi s career he would hit about 200. His breath had smelt terrible from all the chewing tobacco and gum smells. Babe Ruth was wearing blue jeans and a checkered shirt so he didn’t come dressed finely. He sat down and thanked me for inviting him, and I thanked him for coming. I started to ask him the questions on my clipboard. I asked him what his favorite thing about baseball was. He answered with one word, â€Å"everything†. I smiled and asked him the next question, â€Å"How does it feelRead More Sports Agents Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesreserve system is the first factor that lead to the growth of the Sports Agent. The reserve system was a restrictive system that limited the free, or open market. This enabled owners to retain rights to players and depress their salaries. Major League Baseball had the first system, which consisted of two parts, the reserve clause and the reserve list. The reserve clause stated that each player’s contract could be renewed by t he team season after season, for as long as the club wished. The reserve list

What are the students Free Essays

Brittany a great Listener, She always has a positive attitude, she looks at you when your speaking, gives gestures, and acknowledges you while your speaking. She’s always alert and respectfully to questions In a conversation. She offers feedback and she’s great at making constructive correctly sound â€Å"nice†. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the students or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. What are the student’s 3 (three) major â€Å"communication weaknesses? † Brittany Really doesn’t have any weaknesses when it comes to communication, but if there is a problem in our allegations she will rather text then talk. I find that a minor weakness, because our generation would rather talk than work issues out in person. Questions to be answered by you the student 1 . How did this activity help you with your communication strengths and weakness? This activity gave positive and negative opinions on my communication skills and they were very beneficial. One thing I can say is when I communicate with family and friends set aside from having to communicate at work or In class I would rather text then talk on the phone or In person and maybe that has become a weakness when It moms to my communication skills. Other than that I am comfortable with his opinions on my strengths when it comes to communication. 2. Did this actively bring to surface some issues you should be concerned about? Yes, this activity did bring to surface some issues, only because like I said in my other response I’ll text before I actually pick up the phone, or ill text if there’s a situation I want to discuss with my significant other. My overall approach will be less testing, and Just start communication with certain people more in person. What are the students By Brittanyhackett2010 . What are the student’s 3 (three) major â€Å"communication strengths? † Britain’s a alert and responsibility to questions in a conversation. She offers feedback and she’s great at making constructive criticism sound â€Å"nice†. 2. What are the student’s 3 friends set aside from having to communicate at work or in class I would rather text then talk on the phone or in person and maybe that has become a weakness when it comes to my communication skills. Other than that I am comfortable with his opinions on my strengths when it comes to communication. How to cite What are the students, Papers

Consultation on Improving Mental Health Services

Question: Discuss about the Consultation on Improving Mental Health Services. Answer: Introduction The report is on the incidence of the high rate of suicide among old age group in Australia. It discusses the factors that contribute to suicide tendency among the adult population and gives a brief explanation regarding the high rate of suicide. It describes one strategy that has been adopted by the Australian government to address this issue and reduce the incidence of suicide among elderly. The cause may be multi-factorial such as depression, loneliness and withdrawal from society among the older population. This report tries to analyze and identify situations that lead to suicide in people above 75 years in Australia. The Australian suicide statistics of 2016 reveals highest suicide rate among people above 75 years of age group. It has become a huge health concern for the country. In 2014, suicide accounted for 2% of all death caused in the country that year. It was also found that rate of suicide was more among males than in females. The number of males and females dying due to suicide in Australia was 75% and 25 % respectively in the year 2014. The rate was also found to be higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with suicide being the fifth leading cause of death among them. Suicide is found in all age group, but the peak age group for suicide is 75+ in Australia (Mindframe, 2016). Contributing factors leading to suicide in Australia Seeing the statistics on suicide rate among Australian population, there is a need to identify what factors lead to suicide in older people. The suicidal tendency may be due to a variety of information problems in an individuals life like childhood adversity, the experience of traumatic events in life, the problem in the relationship, employment and use of alcohol and drugs by a person. All these problems have an adverse impact on a person, and they may suffer from depression and loneliness (Holmes et al., 2012). There are social isolation and lack of social support in these individuals. The contributing factors in old age suicide may include the following: Lack of physical independency due to aging Economic dependency on others due to retirement from work due to age or physical condition. Mental health problems like dementia and Alzheimers in old people. Depression, hopelessness and grief due to illness and declining health. Alcoholism (Cleary et al., 2014). As the proportion of older Australian is increasing, at the same time incidence of mental illness and dementia is also increasing. These disorders may vary regarding duration and stability in an individual. It interferes with older people's cognitive, social and emotional abilities. Good mental health is dependent on psychological, biological and socio-cultural factors (Simelane, 2015). Certain situations in older people like losing the ability to live independently, the experience of bereavement due to loss of life partner, drop or complete lack of income may lead to mental illness (Usher et al., 2013). Accumulation of all these factors leads to loneliness, increases physiological distress and tendency to commit suicide among older people. According to World Health Organization (WHO), accumulation of several risk factors from systemic, societal, community, relationship and physical issues increases individual vulnerability to suicidal behaviour (Hawton, K., i Comabella, C. C., Haw, C., Saunders, K. (2013).. Another reason leading to suicide is that society's or family member's attitude towards older people is not good, and they may regard them as invaluable due to their lack of contribution to the economy. Moreover, some people feel them more as a burden due to many kinds of frailty and diseases they may have due aging. When society disregards them and does not consider them as a valuable member of the society, this factor also demoralized older peoples and had an impact on suicidal mobility (Handley et al., 2014). There is also a strong correlation between major depression and suicide. Older people lack activity in life, an increase in frailty due to aging, diagnosis of some diseases causes that community. People going through this phase experience avoidant and escape behaviours. It ultimately leads to aggression, irritation, violence and finally suicide (Sachs-Ericsson et al., 2014). Loneliness due to relationship breakdown, loss of life partner, the absence of family members due to personal commitments is the reason for suicidal behaviours in older adults (Singh, 2015). Alcoholism and drug use is also a factor leading to suicide in the elderly population because alcohol triggers impulsive and violence behaviour and aggregates feeling of hopelessness, grief, and depression. It impairs people judgment level and problems solving skills (Morin et al., 2013). Lack of A coordinated has involved association with suicidal behaviour. Alcohol abuse in older peoples is warning signs of suicide. Indigenous heritage also has strong relation link with suicide in Australia. Compared to non-indigenous populations, the rate of suicide is far higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia (Ridani et al., 2015). The suicide rate is high due to the marginalization of the indigenous population, more incidence of chronic disease among them and lack of access to proper health care facility. Increases rate of chronic disease in the indigenous population is the reason why more people are depressed and have suicidal tendencies. On analysis of the cause of suicide in Australia, it is seen that majority of suicide about mental by social environment followed by sudden changes in an about life. These changes have an enormous impact on them, and it impairs their capability to regulate desires and aspirations. Suicide cause may also be related to weakened social purpose and activity in life. Apart from this morbidity associated with chronic illness drive people to commit su icide (Cheung et al., 2014). Strategy for suicide prevention in Australia Preventing suicide and suicidal behaviour is a key priority for Australian Government. The incidence of suicide has a great impact on the lives of family members who are left behind. As suicide is a complex phenomenon, there is no single cause and no single solution for suicide. But suicide is preventable, and the Australian government has worked to reduce the rate of suicide in Australia. They have adopted several strategies and policies to address the issue. One such strategy adopted by the Australian Government to prevent suicide is the Western Australian Suicide Prevention Strategy (Mental health, 2016). It outlines the government and committees commitment to reduce suicide and prevent self-harm. It was developed after analysis of 20 years data on the incidence of suicide in Australia. This strategy is aligned with National Prevention Strategy called the Living is for Everyone (LIFE). In fact, Australia was the first country to develop a national strategic approach to suicide pre vention. The LIFE framework has provided governance structure and guided Western Australia in their initiative for future (Robinson Pirkis, 2014). The six area of activity according to Life framework are as follows: Improving understanding of suicide prevention- It involved researching on suicide and prevention to understand the warnings signs and risk factors for suicide, developing knowledge regarding community resilience for prevention of suicide and identifying the most effective intervention for the Aboriginal community (Song et al., 2014). Developing individual resilience and capacity for self-help- The Australian government achieved this through the promotion of programs to support life skills that enhance individual resilience level. They also adopted and promoted mental health and well-being program for older people. They fostered an environment where expression of anxiety and grief was not met with stigmatization (Wright, 2013). Improving community strength in relation to suicide prevention- In this area, they worked to raise awareness regarding characteristics required of resilient community. They developed skill of families and social groups to respond quickly to indicators of suicidal behaviour in people and encouraged older adults too talk more frequently about mental health problems and seek help. The Australian government also worked to support local agencies and groups regarding reducing individual risk and strengthened protective factors to respond to the situation (Cwik et al., 2014). Coordinated approach to suicide prevention- It involve coordinating suicide prevention activities across local and state government and between non-government and private sectors. They developed tools for information sharing and implemented a response model for those communities which has increased the incidence of suicide. As illness is also a contributing factor for suicide, it developed a mechanism to improve health service (Robinson Pirkis, 2014). Targeted suicide prevention- It involved specific action plans for isolated aboriginal community of Australia and development of an innovative plan for these population as they do not have access to health service (Silburn et al., 2014). Improving standards and quality in suicide prevention- Under this activity, the government developed and promoted standards for suicide prevention and implemented systematic evaluation models. For this purpose they gave adequate skills and training to worker in suicide prevention (Krysinska et al., 2015). Conclusion The report covered the major health concern of Australia that is the incidence of high suicide rate among the older age group of Australia. This report provided informations regarding prevalence of suicide in Australian citizens and analyzed the factors that lead risk of suicide and suicidal behaviour. The identification of cause related to suicide gave idea about level of intervention required to improved situation. Finally, analysis of one strategy taken by the Australian Government helped in getting an idea about what the government has so far done to prevent the risk of suicide in the community. Reference Cheung, Y. T. D., Spittal, M. J., Williamson, M. K., Tung, S. J., Pirkis, J. (2014). Predictors of suicides occurring within suicide clusters in Australia, 20042008.Social Science Medicine,118, 135-142. Cleary, M., Jackson, D., Hungerford, C. L. (2014). Mental health nursing in Australia: resilience as a means of sustaining the specialty.Issues in mental health nursing,35(1), 33-40. Cwik, M. F., Barlow, A., Goklish, N., Larzelere-Hinton, F., Tingey, L., Craig, M., ... Walkup, J. (2014). Selected Research Paper of the Week.American Journal of Public Health,104, e19-e23. Handley, T. E., Hiles, S. A., Inder, K. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Kelly, B. J., Lewin, T. J., ... Attia, J. R. (2014). Predictors of suicidal ideation in older people: A decision tree analysis.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,22(11), 1325-1335. Hawton, K., i Comabella, C. C., Haw, C., Saunders, K. (2013). Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review.Journal of affective disorders,147(1), 17-28. Holmes, A., Christelis, N., Arnold, C. (2012). Depression and chronic pain.Medical Journal of Australia,10, 17. Krysinska, K., Batterham, P. J., Tye, M., Shand, F., Calear, A. L., Cockayne, N., Christensen, H. (2015). Best strategies for reducing the suicide rate in Australia.Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 0004867415620024. Mental health. (2016).Mentalhealth.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.mentalhealth.wa.gov.au/Libraries/pdf_docs/WA_Suicide_Prevention_Strategy.sflb.ashx Mindframe. (2016).Mindframe-media.info. Retrieved 11 August 2016, from https://www.mindframe-media.info/for-media/reporting-suicide/facts-and-stats Morin, J., Wiktorsson, S., Marlow, T., Olesen, P. J., Skoog, I., Waern, M. (2013). Alcohol use disorder in elderly suicide attempters: a comparison study.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,21(2), 196-203. Ridani, R., Shand, F. L., Christensen, H., McKay, K., Tighe, J., Burns, J., Hunter, E. (2015). Suicide prevention in Australian Aboriginal communities: a review of past and present programs.Suicide and life-threatening behavior,45(1), 111-140. Robinson, J., Pirkis, J. (2014). Research priorities in suicide prevention: an examination of Australian-based research 200711.Australian health review,38(1), 18-24. Robinson, J., Pirkis, J. (2014). Research priorities in suicide prevention: an examination of Australian-based research 200711.Australian health review,38(1), 18-24. Sachs-Ericsson, N., Hames, J. L., Joiner, T. E., Corsentino, E., Rushing, N. C., Palmer, E., ... Steffens, D. C. (2014). Differences between suicide attempters and nonattempters in depressed older patients: depression severity, white-matter lesions, and cognitive functioning.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,22(1), 75-85. Silburn, S., Robinson, G., Leckning, B., Henry, D., Cox, A., Kickett, D. (2014). Preventing suicide among aboriginal Australians.Working Together. Canberra: Government of Australia. Simelane, G. L. (2015).Lived experiences of student nurses caring for intellectually disabled people in a public psychiatric institution(Doctoral dissertation). Singh, S. D. (2015). Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age.The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 2, Issue 2, No. 2, 73. Song, I. H., Kwon, S. W., Kim, J. S., You, J. W., Park, J. H., Kim, L., ... An, S. (2014). Cross-National Comparison of Public Awareness Campaigns for Suicide Prevention: Analysis of Campaign Strsategies and Contents of New Zealand, USA, Ireland, Scotland, Australia, and Korea.The Journal of the Korea Contents Association,14(7), 253-270. Usher, K., Park, T., Foster, K., Buettner, P. (2013). A randomized controlled trial undertaken to test a nurseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ led weight management and exercise intervention designed for people with serious mental illness who take second generation antipsychotics.Journal of advanced nursing,69(7), 1539-1548. Wright, P. (2013). Submission to the Consultation on Improving Mental Health Services in Country Australia.

Steriods Essay Example For Students

Steriods Essay Why do so many people use steroids when there are so many health risks and side affects? Do people take steroids because they are not aware of all the risks? Not likely, steroids have been around since the 1930s when Nazi scientists tried to invent drugs that would make German armies more powerful (Banks, Substance Abuse in Sport: The Realities, pg. 13-21). Though steroids were considered harmful and made illegal in 1991 (Berlow, Sports Ethics). Some side affects of steroids are baldness, high blood pressure, lowered sex drive, acne, nosebleeds, liver disease, kidney disease, and many more (Williams, Drugs and Athletic Performance, pg. 88-90). It may sound ridiculous and idiotic, to those who use steroids, with all the risks involved, but the temptation and pressures in using them are sometimes unbearable. In todays society there are many pressures to be the best athlete and to look a certain way. Nobody wants to take second place, or look scrawny and wimpy. People want to be the win ner and want others to turn their heads to look at them when they walk into a room. The fastest and easiest way to do that is to take steroids. People take steroids to be bigger and better at sports and also improve physical appearance. We will write a custom essay on Steriods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In todays athletics, athletes are getting bigger, stronger, and faster. Whether an athlete plays high school or professional sports, it is getting harder for athletes to compete at a high level with all the competition. When an athlete is not good enough to make the team or is on a team and does not play much the athlete will do just about anything to improve themselves. Many athletes spend numerous hours practicing and lifting weights trying to get better at their sport, and still they lack what it takes to make the team or be the best. Steroids are the solution to their problems and a way to make their dreams come true. If you were offered the opportunity to lose body fat, get stronger, add more muscle within six weeks and have more motivation to work out more consistently then you do now, would not you try it? Sure it is illegal and it is unfair for all the other athletes who do it the hard way, but most do not care. Many young men are taking steroids at a young age. Reports from the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission issued a report that steroid use increased 2.6 percent from 1997 to 1999. Also, a report from the University of Michigans Institute for Social Research shows an increase of 2.4 to 3.1 for boys in twelfth grade between 1991 to1999 (Banks, Substance Abuse in Sport: The Realities, pg. 25-27). From personal experience, a football player I knew said I decided I was going to take steroids to get big and strong and aggressive. I didnt care if I died, as long as I completed the season-just as long as I finished like a man. This football player was so dedicated to being the best that he could be. He did not even care if he lost his own life. In recent years sports have become a huge industry. Just this year Alex Rodreguez signed a ten year two hundred and fifty million dollar contract with the Texas Rangers. This is the biggest contract in sports history. A gold medal in the Olympics can mean millions of dollars to athletes, coaches, managers, sponsors , and even countries. It is no wonder more and more people are striving to be the best, and will do whatever it takes to get there. When it comes to making money and a lot of it people will do just about anything. .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .postImageUrl , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:hover , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:visited , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:active { border:0!important; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:active , .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8fa3763c5c1c59c1b2ac681546d4fc8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Australian Rugby League EssayAs for physical appearance almost everyone is self-conscience about how they look. For example, he turns to the mirror to stare at his reflection, pushing up the sleeves to the baggy sweater he wears to hide his body. Flexing his muscles, he lets out a sigh of dissatisfaction and disgust at the body he hates, longing to look like the bodybuilders he admires. Steroids are enormously popular not only on the sports track, but also in the world of workout gyms and fitness buffs. Most people would like

Commerce Responsibility

Commerce Responsibility Tutorial Preparation 6Name: Yer Yan DongStudent ID: J11008198/ 4149725Subject: COM 101Major: FinanceLecturer: Mr Kingston KnightDate: 5/10/20111. It was not a sound business decision, even more not a socially responsible decision. Levi Strauss's decision depends on the financial perspective. However, it is not a long-term way for the company. The management of company is only look at profit, cash flow and return of investment, there is all relevant to financial indicators. It may make profit but its market price would go down. They should not only look at this when they want to evaluate a company, but also look at internal business process and the customer perspective. "Financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age compan ies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation."Levi Strauss, blue jeans(Balanced Scorecard Institute, 1996). Besides, the organization should learning from its employee to grow and achieve their vision. That is long-term way and it make two win situation. Therefore, the company have reasonably been expected to keep the plant running.2. The management of company should suppose if they are laid-off by other person, what they want and they need. This is something relevant to kantianism that treat people the way you want to be treat. In addition, according to utilitarianism, unemployment isn't good for society. So, company could absorb employee to another job, or find job for its laid-off workers. For example, it could giving job letter recommendation of its laid-off worker to other company and give compensation after that. In all, a good...

Bowling For Columbine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bowling For Columbine - Essay Example re does not give ready-made conclusions on the cause of this tragedy, he has identified some important pathologies of American society that inevitably leads to massacres of this kind. Moore makes a convincing case that gun possession in the United States is an identifiable cultural phenomenon, directly linked with the culture of fear prevailing in the country both at the micro and macro levels. What Moore identifies as the culture of fear is nothing but manufactured by the elites in the United States. This American reality is the result of the entrenched ruling of the politico-military-industry complex that has a substantial role in the emergence of this trigger culture. Extremely, Michele Moore was able to show that one could get a gun in America even for opening a bank account. The culture of gun ownership in the United States is certainly one of the important factors that makes tragedies such as Columbine School shooting not only possible but also a concrete possibility. However, it is not possible to empirically link the occurrence of crimes with the widespread ownership of guns since there are many countries that too have high gun possession rates but less related crimes. On the other hand, other factors such as the propagation of violence through media, especially new media technologies like those that video games could effectively be linked to the crimes. Michele Moore himself highlights the case of Switzerland where it is compulsory for the citizens to have guns as it has no standing army. Yet, high rates of gun possession related crimes have been not reported from there. Curiously, Moore points fingers to that fact that the United States has the worlds largest defense facilities which include weapons of mass destruction, while seeking the roots of C olumbine High School tragedy. Certainly, the cultural attitudes stemming from the violent past of the United States have a decisive role in the high gun ownership rates and related crimes. Nevertheless, there

An overview of Mobile Commerce and Mobile Banking solution for the Essay

An overview of Mobile Commerce and Mobile Banking solution for the Unbanked in Sub Saharan Africa - Essay Example One of the cornerstone Internet technologies that have emerged in recent years is electronic commerce. Electronic commerce does not simply provide convenience to merchants and retailers, but has revolutionized many aspects of banking and even social life. One of the prominent sub-elements of electronic is mobile commerce. This is the combination of electronic commerce with mobile handset technology. This thesis specifically provides an overview of electronic commerce and the means by which it has been integrated with mobile technology. The thesis implements literature sources and industrial and practical articles from the telecommunications and mobile industries. The research is categorized in three main sections: the history of electronic commerce, GSM network elements, and finally the implementation of mobile commerce banking solutions in Sub Saharan Africa. In terms of the history of electronic commerce, background elements examine the way electronic commerce is implemented in con temporary contexts as compared to historical contexts. This section also examines the means of past and future growth of electronic commerce. ... The final section considers the implementation of mobile commerce banking solutions in sub Saharan Africa, with particular emphasis on Kenya. This section recognizes that there are a variety of mobile banking solutions that have gained widespread popularity in the region. This popularity is partially motived by the large-scale need for banking solutions for individuals with non-traditional incomes. The two major banking solutions considered in these regards are the M-PESA Banking solution and the Gemalto Mobile Banking solution. The technological aspects are examined, as well as the means of security they provide. Acknowledgements This thesis owes its existence to the help, support, and inspiration of many people. In the first place, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor Dr.Konstantinos Markantonakis for many hours of useful discussion, tirelessly reading and correcting my work, and suggesting many invaluable comments. Without his support, thi s thesis would not have been possible. I am also indebted to Dr. Chez Ciechanowicz for their care and guidance throughout my Master at Royal Holloway. In addition, I would like to thank the staff and colleagues in the Information Security Group for making my time at Royal Holloway an enjoyable one. Finally, and most importantly, I am most grateful to my family for their continuous and unconditional support throughout the period of my studies. Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgment 3 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 BACKGROUND......................................................................................................8 1.1.1 The growth of e-Commerce/ m-Commerce...........................................8 1.2 Motivation

Choo Bee Metal Industries Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choo Bee Metal Industries - Coursework Example The company registered a marginally lower profit before tax of RM5 million in 2010 compared to the figure of RM18 million in 2009. This decrease is attributed to the fall in steel prices and dampened business activities. Because of the slumping price situation, the Group also adjusted their inventory net realizable value by taking on a write down of RM10.2 million. The company earned revenues of RM221 million in 2010, which was 13% more than the prior year's results (RM196 million in 2009). The net income fell at from RM14 million in 2009 to RM5 million in 2010. The dividends per share (Sen) remained fixed at 4.50 while the earnings per share (Sen) decreased from 18.49 (2009) to 14.80 (2010). Since most companies in the supplies and fixtures areas of construction do not pay a dividend, the positive trend Choo Bee Metal Industries has shown in dividend payments, deserves a special mention.

Clinical Objectives Of The Operating Room Nursing Essay

Clinical Objectives Of The Operating Room Nursing Essay The Pre-operative nurse has many duties to perform for their patients prior to surgery. Patients usually go through the Assessment Clinic prior to being transported to the Outpatient facilities. However, if patients do not go through the Assessment Clinic, it is the pre-operative nurses duty to gather this information. The information to be gathered prior to surgery is as follows; past medical history, last flu/pneumonia vaccination, prior surgeries, assessment of various pre-existing disorders/diseases processes (such as hypertension, migraines, diabetes, heart trouble, etc.), current medications (dosage, frequency, last dose taken), name and phone number of a family member, pain assessment, NPO status, assessment of any metal in or on the patients body (can it be removed), alcohol/tobacco/drug use, if the patient has any dentures, glasses, or contacts that need to be removed prior to surgery, and what procedure is being done and the location of the body the procedure is to be done on. When all of the Administration Assessment is complete, the nurse then starts to prep the patient for surgery according to her duties. The pre-operative nurses have many duties. The nurse is to start by checking the physicians orders against the chart for the specific procedure being done. The nurse must also ensure any lab work ordered is with in normal limits for that patient. If there is previous history of heart conditions, the patient must be cleared through radiology prior to surgery; the nurse is responsible for making sure all appropriate forms from radiology are present and signed accordingly. Prior to being administered any medications or having any invasive procedures (IV), the nurse explains the procedure to the patient and makes sure they have no questions. The nurse then ensures that all surgery consent forms are present and signed by the patient. For any female patients that are not post-menopausal or has not had a hysterectomy, the nurse must get a urinalysis to rule o ut possible pregnancy prior to surgery. The nurse applies Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs) to the patients calves to help prevent blood clots during surgery. The patients respiratory status is confirmed through obtaining RR, HR and BP. The pre-operative nurse does not typically obtain these vitals as the OR aids are responsible for this; however, the nurse is responsible for making sure the vitals are within normal ranges for that patient and that the patients vitals are charted. The nurse then starts the patients IV. Prior to injecting the Jelco, the nurse administers 0.1 ml of lidocaine, intro-dermally to numb the area. This helps calm the patients anxieties due to the thought of the smaller needle delivering a numbing agent before the big needle is inserted. If the physician has ordered a catheter prior to surgery, the nurse is responsible for carrying out these orders. This is a sterile procedure and can be performed by the pre-operative nurse. After all of these duties have been performed, the nurse does another pain assessment on the patient. If it is deemed necessary for pain medication administration, the nurse will notify the physician by phone and the nurse takes a telephone medication order. It is the nurses responsibility to make sure the physician comes back and signs the telephone medication order that was given over the phone as well as to carry out the orders as soon as she can so the patient is not in any pain. Antibiotics are almost always ordered prior to any surgery. If antibiotics are ordered, the nurse will administer through IV already established. All duties performed must be charted prior to patient being transferred to the operating room. The nurse will continue to check in on the patient periodically until the patient is taken back into surgery. Duties of the Intra-operative Nurse Once the patient is ready for surgery, they are transferred to the intra-operative nurse. The intra-operative nurse does a pre-op interview asking the patient of any allergies, any metals in or on the body, and if these metals can be removed. If the metal can be removed, it is the intra-operative nurses responsibility to remove it and secure it to either a family member or where ever determined appropriate by said nurse. The intra-operative nurse is responsible for the patient during surgery and until they are transferred to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The intra-operative nurse must maintain a log of times for entering the OR, intubation, anesthesia administration, Foley catheter insertion, when surgery starts, and when surgery stops. The intra-operative nurse is the only personnel in the operating room that is not sterile and therefore can leave the operating room during surgery to obtain any supplies needed such as extra sutures, emergency supplies in case a patient codes , etc. For this reason the intra-operative nurse is called the Circulator. The intra-operative nurse assists the anesthesiologist with placements of the intubation tube and the naso-gastric tube. Blood pressure cuff, EKG (3 Lead), and Pulse Ox are all attached to the patient by the intra-operative nurse. The nurse applies a sticky Bovie pad to the patients outside, upper thigh. The Bovie sends probes of electricity through the patients body during surgery which cauterizes the patients veins and helps minimize bleeding. This is the reason for removing any metal prior to surgery. Once the patient is under anesthesia, the nurse is responsible for correctly positioning the patient on the operating table according to the procedure being performed and maintaining the patients safety during surgery. Once positioning is correct, the nurse begins to prep the patient for surgery. This includes cleaning the surgical area, as well as, any areas nearby that could contaminate the surgical procedure or compromise the sterile field. The prep solution of choice for this facility is Betadine. The nurse cleans the surgical site and surrounding areas three times with the prep solution, using a fresh prep sponge each time and patted the area with sterile drape cloths in between each cleansing. The intra-operative nurse also hooks up the suction canisters and preps a bag of normal saline used for irrigation. The intra-operative nurse is also responsible for counting all instruments and sponges before surgery, before suturing, and after suturing. All of these duties are performed before the attending physician enters the operating room. Once the surgeon enters the room, the intra-operative nurse assists him/her with donning sterile gloves, gown, and mask and a Time Out is performed. The Time out procedure consists of specific verbal reports between the intra-operative nurse, the anesthesiologist, and the surgeon. Patient ID is established through chart, arm band, and stating aloud by the intra-operative nurse. The procedure is read aloud from the informed consent. Any imaging required prior to surgery is confirmed labeled and stated to be present. Pre-procedure antibiotics, dosage, and route are stated aloud by the intra-operative nurse. Any safety precautions such as history of drug allergies, medication uses, etc. are stated aloud by the intra-operative nurse. Once all of this information has been stated aloud, the intra-operative nurse says, Does everyone agree? at which time all personnel must say aloud, Agreed. Once surgery has begun, the nurse calls a friend or family member to inform them surgery has begun. The nurse is to call the family every hour that the patient is in the operating room. During surgery, the nurse is responsible for answering the phone, turning lights off and on, adjusting the heating or air conditioning, positioning any unsterile equipment, removing and reapplying any sterile garments, keeping track and charting what supplies were used for that patients procedure, and any extra equipment needed by surgical personnel during surgery for billing purposes. Also during surgery, the intra-operative nurse is to chart all times logged, any specimens (body parts) removed, sutures used, anyone present in the operating room, amount of any fluids collected through suctioning, and who performed what procedures. If any specimens were removed, the intra-operative nurse is responsible for labeling and delivering to the lab. Once all supplies are accounted for and the patient is released from the operating room, the patient is transferred to the PACU. duties of the PACU nurse I was not able to observe a nurse performing duties in the PACU, however, one of the nurses was kind enough to sit with me and explain some of their duties. Once a patient is transferred to the PACU, the PACU nurse applies a face mask delivering oxygen and vitals are obtained every ten minutes. The vitals obtained include blood pressure, pulse ox and EKG readings. The PACU nurse must monitor the patients temperature, as well as patients hemodynamics for any rhythm changes according to the patients medical history. Patients are set up with a Patient controlled analgesic unit (PCA unit) to deliver pain medication PRN as deemed by the patient at the push of a button. The PCA unit is designed to only deliver a specific amount of pain medication regardless of how often the patient pushes the button therefore the patient is not at risk of overdosing and doesnt have to wait on the nurse to administer pain medication. If a Foley catheter hasnt been inserted yet, the PACU nurse will perform this duty as the patient will not have bathroom privileges until they are Post-op. PACU nurses cannot intubate, however, they can ex-tubate. The PACU nurse is also responsible for discontinuing arterial lines, inserting nerve blocks for pain management, and filling out all proper forms and charting. PACU nurses can only care for a maximum of two patients at a time. However, if the patient is less than eight years of age or an Intensive Care Unit patient, then that will be the PACU nurses only patient until they are transferred to post-op. Once the patient is awake and determined to be stable, they are transferred back to Outpatient where they were prepped Pre-op. DUTIES OF THE PRE-OPERATIVE NURSE Once patients are transferred back to Outpatient area, a Pre-operative nurse assumes responsibility for the patient until discharge, but performs post-op duties. Vitals are obtained every thirty minutes by the outpatient aids, but are charted and monitored by the post-operative nurse. The nurse assesses the surgical site for bleeding or excess swelling if the site is visible. The patients pain is assessed and the PCA button is placed well within reach for the patient. The post-operative nurse checks physicians orders for discharge pain medications and calls the order into the patients personal pharmacy of choice. The nurse discontinues the patients IV, catheter, and SCDs. The family or whoever is providing transportation home for the patient is notified and allowed to return to the Outpatient prep area until patient is discharged. The post-operative nurse also gathers any discharge instructions as ordered by the physician and sets the post-op follow-up appointment prior to discharge. The physician will specify the criteria in which the patient must fulfill before the patient is discharged. For example, if kidney stones were zapped, the patient must void freely at least once before discharge. The post -operative nurse is responsible for ensuring that all required information in regards to forms being signed and paperwork required in medical record is present, and all charting required is complete for that patient. ONE ASPECT OF PATIENT TEACHING One aspect of patient teaching that I identified was during post-op and prior to discharge. The example I observed was when the post-operative nurse specified to the patient what she should expect in the days to come, specifically how to wipe after going to the bathroom, as well as specific warning signs of complications that would need immediate attention. WHAT WERE MY STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES I believe my strengths were first and foremost my previous, in-class instruction. I felt very informed and knew what supplies were needed and how to start an IV. Secondly, I believe my willingness to learn whatever the staff wanted to teach me without reserve is another one of my strengths. My weakness was my not understanding the jargon used by everyone. I had to repeatedly ask what all of the acronyms used stood for. It seemed that they had an acronym for everything. I believe the more clinical hours I am able to participate in, the more jargon I will learn. I also believe that taking a medical terminology class would be a tremendous asset to my education investment.

The Catcher In The Rye: Holden :: essays research papers

The Catcher In The Rye: Holden Preface - This book has been steeped in controversy since it was banned in America after it's first publication. John Lennon's assassin, Mark Chapman, asked the former beatle to sign a copy of the book earlier in the morning of the day that he murdered Lennon. Police found the book in his possession upon apprehending the psychologically disturbed Chapman. However, the book itself contains nothing that could be attributed with leading Chapman to act as he did - it could have been any book that he was reading the day he decided to kill John Lennon - and as a result of the fact that it was 'The Catcher In The Rye', a book describing nervous breakdown, media speculated widely about the possible connection. This gave the book even more notoriety. So what is 'The Catcher In The Rye' actually about ? Superficially the story of a young man's expulsion from yet another school, 'The Catcher In The Rye' is in fact a perceptive study of one individual's understanding of his human condition. Holden Caulfield, a teenager growing up in 1950s New York, has been expelled school for poor achievement once again. In an attempt to deal with this he leaves school a few days prior to the end of term, and goes to New York to 'take a vacation' before returning to his parents' inevitable wrath. Told as a monologue, the book describes Holden's thoughts and activities over these few days, during which he describes a developing nervous breakdown, symptomised by his bouts of unexplained depression, impulsive spending and generally odd, erratic behaviour, prior to his eventual nervous collapse. However, during his psychological battle, life continues on around Holden as it always had, with the majority of people ignoring the 'madman stuff' that is happening to him - until it begins to encroach on their well defined social codes. Progressively through the novel we are challenged to think about society's attitude to the human condition - does society have an 'ostrich in the sand' mentality, a deliberate ignorance of the emptiness that can characterize human existence? And if so, when Caulfield begins to probe and investigate his own sense of emptiness and isolation, before finally declaring that the world is full of 'phonies' with each one put out for their own phony gain, is Holden actually the one who is going insane, or is it society which has lost it's mind for failing to see the hopelessness of their own lives? Holden's Personality - There are 3 main aspects in Holden's personality : 1. His criticism toward the 'phony' things in society. The Catcher In The Rye: Holden :: essays research papers The Catcher In The Rye: Holden Preface - This book has been steeped in controversy since it was banned in America after it's first publication. John Lennon's assassin, Mark Chapman, asked the former beatle to sign a copy of the book earlier in the morning of the day that he murdered Lennon. Police found the book in his possession upon apprehending the psychologically disturbed Chapman. However, the book itself contains nothing that could be attributed with leading Chapman to act as he did - it could have been any book that he was reading the day he decided to kill John Lennon - and as a result of the fact that it was 'The Catcher In The Rye', a book describing nervous breakdown, media speculated widely about the possible connection. This gave the book even more notoriety. So what is 'The Catcher In The Rye' actually about ? Superficially the story of a young man's expulsion from yet another school, 'The Catcher In The Rye' is in fact a perceptive study of one individual's understanding of his human condition. Holden Caulfield, a teenager growing up in 1950s New York, has been expelled school for poor achievement once again. In an attempt to deal with this he leaves school a few days prior to the end of term, and goes to New York to 'take a vacation' before returning to his parents' inevitable wrath. Told as a monologue, the book describes Holden's thoughts and activities over these few days, during which he describes a developing nervous breakdown, symptomised by his bouts of unexplained depression, impulsive spending and generally odd, erratic behaviour, prior to his eventual nervous collapse. However, during his psychological battle, life continues on around Holden as it always had, with the majority of people ignoring the 'madman stuff' that is happening to him - until it begins to encroach on their well defined social codes. Progressively through the novel we are challenged to think about society's attitude to the human condition - does society have an 'ostrich in the sand' mentality, a deliberate ignorance of the emptiness that can characterize human existence? And if so, when Caulfield begins to probe and investigate his own sense of emptiness and isolation, before finally declaring that the world is full of 'phonies' with each one put out for their own phony gain, is Holden actually the one who is going insane, or is it society which has lost it's mind for failing to see the hopelessness of their own lives? Holden's Personality - There are 3 main aspects in Holden's personality : 1. His criticism toward the 'phony' things in society.